An examination of the impact of seasonal flooding on human settlements in Makurdi Local Government Area, Benue State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Seasonal flooding is a recurring environmental phenomenon that affects many regions in Nigeria, particularly in the middle-belt states like Benue. In Makurdi Local Government Area (LGA), seasonal flooding has become an increasing concern due to erratic rainfall patterns, improper drainage systems, and rapid urbanization. The impacts of flooding extend beyond the immediate destruction of infrastructure; it disrupts livelihoods, displaces populations, and aggravates poverty. This study seeks to examine the extent to which seasonal flooding has impacted human settlements in Makurdi, focusing on the socio-economic effects, the effectiveness of flood management strategies, and the adaptation mechanisms adopted by residents (Adewale & Nwachukwu, 2024).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Makurdi is often affected by seasonal flooding, which poses serious challenges to human settlements, particularly in low-lying areas along the Benue River. Despite efforts by the government and other stakeholders to manage flood risks, the frequency and intensity of floods have increased in recent years. There is insufficient understanding of how flooding affects communities in terms of property damage, displacement, loss of livelihood, and health risks. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the impacts of seasonal flooding on human settlements in Makurdi LGA and the local responses to mitigate these impacts.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
• To examine the socio-economic impact of seasonal flooding on human settlements in Makurdi LGA.
• To assess the effectiveness of flood management strategies implemented by local authorities in Makurdi.
• To identify the coping strategies adopted by residents in response to seasonal flooding.
1.4 Research Questions
• What are the socio-economic impacts of seasonal flooding on human settlements in Makurdi?
• How effective are current flood management strategies in mitigating the effects of flooding in the area?
• What coping strategies do residents of Makurdi adopt in response to seasonal flooding?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
• H1: Seasonal flooding has significant socio-economic impacts on human settlements in Makurdi LGA.
• H2: Current flood management strategies are inadequate in preventing the adverse effects of flooding.
• H3: Residents of Makurdi have developed adaptive strategies to cope with the impacts of seasonal flooding.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is significant in providing a detailed assessment of the impacts of seasonal flooding on human settlements in Makurdi. It will offer critical insights for local authorities, policymakers, and development practitioners seeking to improve flood management strategies and enhance community resilience to flooding. The study will also contribute to broader efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change and environmental hazards on urban and rural communities in Nigeria (Adewale & Nwachukwu, 2024).
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on human settlements in Makurdi LGA, especially those areas most affected by seasonal flooding. It will evaluate the socio-economic impacts, flood management strategies, and coping mechanisms of residents. The limitations may include challenges in obtaining data from affected residents and government agencies, as well as potential variability in flood impacts over different seasons.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
• Seasonal Flooding: The periodic inundation of land due to heavy rainfall or river overflow, typically occurring during a particular season.
• Socio-Economic Impact: The effects of flooding on the economy, including income loss, property damage, and changes in the social structure of communities.
• Flood Management Strategies: Measures taken by governments and local authorities to prevent or mitigate the impacts of flooding, including infrastructure development and emergency response plans.
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